Elements in Foods

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Elements in Foods

Thought this might be useful;
http://web.archive.org/web/200107200...data/foods.asp

Table V — Elements or Ions Present

Percent of the Sample

ICP Metals Formula One Formula Two Prime Reef Lancefish Silversides Seawater

Aluminum 15.00 15.00 11.00 9.80 14.00 1.9

Antimony <0.50 <0.46 <0.52 <0.50 <0.38 0.00001

Arsenic <0.50 <0.46 <0.52 2.10 <0.38 0.024

Barium 0.55 0.73 0.72 <0.025 0.06 0.05

Beryllium 0.03 <0.023 0.03 <0.02 <0.02 0.0001

Boron <2.50 <2.3 <2.60 <2.50 <1.90 4.6

Cadmium 0.08 0.10 0.07 <0.02 0.02 0.00001

Calcium 800.00 1700.00 860.00 4700.00 4300.00 400

Chromium 0.28 0.07 0.12 1.10 1.30 0.00001

Cobalt 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.11 0.14 0.0001

Copper 2.30 1.80 2.00 24.00 36.00 0.09

Iodide 380.00 410.00 320.00 1500.00 1300.00 0.05

Iron 20.00 27.00 30.00 23.00 32.00 0.02

Lead <0.50 <0.46 <0.52 <0.50 <0.04 0.005

Lithium <0.25 <0.23 <0.26 <0.25 <0.02 0.1

Magnesium 280.00 290.00 290.00 520.00 560.00 1272

Manganese 4.40 13.00 14.00 3.40 15.00 0.01

Mercury <0.50 <0.46 <0.52 <0.52 <0.38 0.0003

Molybdenum <0.25 <0.23 <0.26 <0.25 <0.19 0.002

Nickel <0.25 <0.23 <0.26 <0.25 <0.19 0.0005

Phosphorus 1100.00 1200.00 900.00 4400.00 4000.00 0.012

Potassium 1000.00 990.00 230.00 2500.00 2200.00 380

Selenium 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.30 1.50 0.004

Silicon 59.00 75.00 56.00 22.00 29.00 4

Silver <0.50 <0.46 <0.52 <0.50 <0.38 0.0003

Sodium 1200.00 870.00 340.00 3300.00 3700.00 10561

Strontium 12.00 14.00 11.00 7.00 16.00 13

Sulfur 1300.00 1400.00 1200.00 2000.00 2000.00 884

Thallium <0.50 <0.46 <0.52 <0.50 <0.38 0.0005

Tin 0.72 0.70 0.70 2.40 2.50 0.003

Titanium 0.33 0.40 0.28 <0.05 0.21 0.00001

Vanadium <0.25 <0.23 <0.26 <0.25 <0.19 0.0003

Yttrium <0.02 <0.02 <0.03 <0.02 <0.02 0.0003

Zinc 37.00 99.00 120.00 30.00 24.00 0.014

Brine Shrimp Plankton Marine Snow Coral Vital Golden Pearls Seawater

Aluminum 120.00 8.10 0.48 3.00 49.00 1.9

Antimony <0.44 <0.42 <0.06 <0.12 <0.46 0.00001

Arsenic <0.44 <0.42 <0.06 <0.12 3.70 0.024

Barium 0.72 0.63 <0.00 0.01 1.70 0.05

Beryllium <0.02 <0.02 <0.00 <0.01 <0.02 0.0001

Boron <2.20 <2.10 <0.30 42.00 <2.30 4.6

Cadmium <0.02 <0.02 <0.00 0.50 0.90 0.00001

Calcium 140.00 1700.00 12.00 24.00 8700.00 400

Chromium 0.52 0.18 <0.01 0.42 1.00 0.00001

Cobalt 0.11 0.07 0.02 0.14 4.40 0.0001

Copper 1.30 10.00 <0.01 <0.01 22.00 0.09

Iodide 370.00 500.00 12.00 170.00 4300.00 0.05

Iron 140.00 5.6 0.30 550.00 1100.00 0.02

Lead <0.44 <0.42 <0.06 <0.12 1.80 0.005

Lithium 0.24 <0.21 <0.03 <0.06 0.31 0.1

Magnesium 300.00 520.00 10.00 380.00 920.00 1272

Manganese 10.00 0.62 0.02 77.00 49.00 0.01

Mercury <0.44 <0.42 <0.06 <0.01 <0.46 0.0003

Molybdenum <0.22 <0.21 <0.03 13.00 1.20 0.002

Nickel 0.32 <0.21 <0.03 <0.61 <0.23 0.0005

Phosphorus 720.00 1600.00 16.00 580.00 15000.00 0.012

Potassium 1000.00 230.00 660.00 1800.00 5400.00 380

Selenium 0.57 0.50 <0.06 0.29 7.00 0.004

Silicon 270.00 29.00 4.00 102.00 270.00 4

Silver <0.44 <0.42 <0.06 <0.12 <0.46 0.0003

Sodium 3200.00 940.00 180.00 68.00 7100.00 10561

Strontium 2.30 28.00 0.21 0.08 38.00 13

Sulfur 1000.00 840.00 280.00 860.00 6000.00 884

Thallium <0.44 <0.42 <0.06 <0.12 <0.46 0.0005

Tin 0.34 0.38 <0.03 0.12 1.10 0.003

Titanium 2.30 <0.04 <0.01 5.70 0.98 0.00001

Vanadium <0.22 <0.21 <0.03 <0.61 <0.23 0.0003

Yttrium <0.02 <0.02 <0.00 <0.01 <0.02 0.0003

Zinc 6.90 5.80 0.05 260.00 280.00 0.014

Gold Flakes Tahitian Blend Saltwater Staple Combisan Nori Seawater

Aluminum 80.00 14.00 95.00 0.12 83.00 1.9

Antimony <0.49 <0.17 <0.49 <0.06 <6.50 0.00001

Arsenic 2.30 <0.17 2.70 <0.06 25.00 0.024

Barium 5.20 0.83 6.90 0.00 5.90 0.05

Beryllium <0.68 <0.10 <0.02 <0.00 <0.03 0.0001

Boron <2.50 <0.86 <2.40 1.60 <33.00 4.6

Cadmium <0.84 <0.02 1.30 <0.00 1.20 0.00001

Calcium 7200.00 440.00 17000.00 1.50 2400.00 400

Chromium 5.60 0.80 <0.05 0.06 1.30 0.00001

Cobalt 0.80 0.40 0.80 0.02 0.93 0.0001

Copper 10.00 6.50 9.50 0.11 3.00 0.09

Iodide 2900.00 530.00 5000.00 14.00 2000.00 0.05

Iron 1700.00 90.00 290.00 23.00 110.00 0.02

Lead 1.00 <0.34 1.70 <0.06 <6.50 0.005

Lithium 0.56 <0.09 0.48 <0.03 <3.30 0.1

Magnesium 1300.00 290.00 1800.00 <0.29 2900.00 1272

Manganese 23.00 18.00 90.00 18.00 110.00 0.01

Mercury <0.49 <0.17 <0.49 <0.06 <6.50 0.0003

Molybdenum 1.80 0.19 0.61 0.24 <3.30 0.002

Nickel 1.80 0.30 0.25 0.15 <3.30 0.0005

Phosphorus 8300.00 1400.00 15000.00 1.80 6400.00 0.012

Potassium 4000.00 840.00 4200.00 7.90 32000.00 380

Selenium 7.00 3.90 5.80 <0.06 10.00 0.004

Silicon 540.00 120.00 440.00 2.00 280.00 4

Silver <0.49 <0.17 <0.49 <0.06 <6.50 0.0003

Sodium 3400.00 1300.00 7400.00 26.00 13000.00 10561

Strontium 39.00 28.00 150.00 0.01 25.00 13

Sulfur 5000.00 780.00 4800.00 27.00 17000.00 884

Thallium 1.90 <0.17 <0.49 <0.06 <6.50 0.0005

Tin 2.50 1.40 1.40 0.60 4.80 0.003

Titanium 2.10 1.10 4.20 <0.01 <0.65 0.00001

Vanadium <0.25 <0.09 <0.24 <0.03 <3.30 0.0003

Yttrium 0.68 <0.01 0.04 <0.00 1.20 0.0003

Zinc 63.00 12.00 190.00 5.80 38.00 0.014

03-17-2013
Garf

These two statements have caught my eye;

Quote:

Many of the these materials are found in the foods concentrated many thousands of times over their concentration in seawater. The values for phosphorus are the best example of this. Such high concentrations in foods are often normal and necessary. For example, phosphorus is found in all organisms as a component of proteins and the energy transfer systems. However, the high concentrations of phosphorus in proteinaceous foods means that over very short periods of time, an aquarist who is feeding regularly and heavily may add very significant amounts of this element to their systems. The same is true of many trace elements. Additionally, Atkinson and Bingman (1999) indicated that most synthetic seawater mixes have abnormally high concentrations of many trace materials. Regular feeding or supplement addition may significantly boost such trace materials even higher. Consequently, the use of additives containing significant amounts of trace elements is unnecessary and potentially dangerous.

Quote:

The following trace or minor materials were found concentrated in some products from 100 to 100,000 times their concentration in natural sea water: cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, silver, tin, titanium, vanadium and zinc.

While necessary in very low concentrations, concentrations of some of these materials exceeding natural levels will be toxic to some organisms. The data in this study and Atkinson and Bingman (1999) indicate that water changes may well be necessary in reef aquaria to reduce abnormally high concentrations of some trace materials. I will leave to the reader the examination of these materials on a case-by-case basis.
03-19-2013
Garf

How to reduce toxic effects;

http://www.reefkeeping.com/issues/20...ture/index.php

Quote:

Conclusion:

Prior to doing this study, I was quite convinced that none of the export methodologies that were available to aquarists were very good. I was surprised to find that that is definitely not the case with regard to many of the elements needing export. Foam fractionation, coupled with organism export, decidedly provides ways to remove many elements and to keep them from accumulating, given a normal feeding regime. The problem comes with the initial levels of heavy metals concentration found in artificial salt mixes. Unless these excessive amounts of metals can be exported, they will accumulate and, with the passage of time and associated water changes, will become more potentially troublesome. Heavy metal accumulation is organism mediated with both active and passive processes facilitating it. The accumulation products will likely be located in the sediments and inside the porous aquarium rock. If there is also the accumulation of significant organic material in the sediments over time, this may result in periodic transient or chronic low level releases of toxic heavy metals. Heavy metal poisoning in such situations would typically be a cumulative process, resulting in mortality after several months or years. Because of this, sediment cleansing or replacement every few years coupled with the replacement of porous rock substrates may be necessary to prevent heavy metal poisoning of the aquarium’s inhabitants. Alternatives to this drastic and traumatic treatment might include the use of toxic metal sponges, polyfilters and carbon. All of these treatments may all be more efficient and less potentially hazardous than sand bed trauma, however the efficiency of such processes is really unknown. In other words, more work remains to be done before a satisfactory export methodology is available to reef aquarists.
03-19-2013
Garf

Elemental toxicity of Artificial Salt Water mixes;

http://reefkeeping.com/issues/2003-0...ture/index.php

Quote:

Conclusions:This study has demonstrated that the artificial sea water made using some common and popular commercial artificial salt water mixes is toxic to sea urchin larvae using a variant of a standard bioassay. Such water will also likely have effects on other animals. This study also showed that some artificial sea water mixes produced water that could support larval development as well as could natural seawater. The use of such "good" artificial sea water will promote the health of coral reef organisms. Coupled with a vigorous program of nutrient and trace metal export (See Shimek, 2002e), use of these salts should go a long way to prevent the build up of potentially toxic trace metals in coral reef tanks.
Both of the salts that had good larval survivability are readily available at reasonable prices. The Crystal Sea Marinemix-Bioassay Formulation is not commonly available to hobbyists, being designed and marketed for bioassay laboratories. However, it is available online from various vendors. The Crystal Sea Marinemix - Bioassay Formulation is essentially the same as standard Crystal Sea Marinemix which it differs from only in lacking the dechlorinator found in the latter salt (R. Spellman, pers. comm.). Standard Crystal Sea Marinemix and Bio-Sea Marinemix salts are widely available.
03-22-2013
kotlec

Very interesting. Sadly Crystal Sea is not locally available to me. I would try that otherwise.
03-22-2013
Devs

There is also this...

http://www.aquavitro.com/products/salinity.html

Table V — Elements or Ions Present
	Percent of the Sample
ICP Metals	Formula One	Formula Two	Prime Reef	Lancefish	Silversides	Seawater
Aluminum	15.00	15.00	11.00	9.80	14.00	1.9
Antimony	<0.50	<0.46	<0.52	<0.50	<0.38	0.00001
Arsenic	<0.50	<0.46	<0.52	2.10	<0.38	0.024
Barium	0.55	0.73	0.72	<0.025	0.06	0.05
Beryllium	0.03	<0.023	0.03	<0.02	<0.02	0.0001
Boron	<2.50	<2.3	<2.60	<2.50	<1.90	4.6
Cadmium	0.08	0.10	0.07	<0.02	0.02	0.00001
Calcium	800.00	1700.00	860.00	4700.00	4300.00	400
Chromium	0.28	0.07	0.12	1.10	1.30	0.00001
Cobalt	0.10	0.10	0.12	0.11	0.14	0.0001
Copper	2.30	1.80	2.00	24.00	36.00	0.09
Iodide	380.00	410.00	320.00	1500.00	1300.00	0.05
Iron	20.00	27.00	30.00	23.00	32.00	0.02
Lead	<0.50	<0.46	<0.52	<0.50	<0.04	0.005
Lithium	<0.25	<0.23	<0.26	<0.25	<0.02	0.1
Magnesium	280.00	290.00	290.00	520.00	560.00	1272
Manganese	4.40	13.00	14.00	3.40	15.00	0.01
Mercury	<0.50	<0.46	<0.52	<0.52	<0.38	0.0003
Molybdenum	<0.25	<0.23	<0.26	<0.25	<0.19	0.002
Nickel	<0.25	<0.23	<0.26	<0.25	<0.19	0.0005
Phosphorus	1100.00	1200.00	900.00	4400.00	4000.00	0.012
Potassium	1000.00	990.00	230.00	2500.00	2200.00	380
Selenium	1.60	1.40	1.20	1.30	1.50	0.004
Silicon	59.00	75.00	56.00	22.00	29.00	4
Silver	<0.50	<0.46	<0.52	<0.50	<0.38	0.0003
Sodium	1200.00	870.00	340.00	3300.00	3700.00	10561
Strontium	12.00	14.00	11.00	7.00	16.00	13
Sulfur	1300.00	1400.00	1200.00	2000.00	2000.00	884
Thallium	<0.50	<0.46	<0.52	<0.50	<0.38	0.0005
Tin	0.72	0.70	0.70	2.40	2.50	0.003
Titanium	0.33	0.40	0.28	<0.05	0.21	0.00001
Vanadium	<0.25	<0.23	<0.26	<0.25	<0.19	0.0003
Yttrium	<0.02	<0.02	<0.03	<0.02	<0.02	0.0003
Zinc	37.00	99.00	120.00	30.00	24.00	0.014
	Brine Shrimp	Plankton	Marine Snow	Coral Vital	Golden Pearls	Seawater
Aluminum	120.00	8.10	0.48	3.00	49.00	1.9
Antimony	<0.44	<0.42	<0.06	<0.12	<0.46	0.00001
Arsenic	<0.44	<0.42	<0.06	<0.12	3.70	0.024
Barium	0.72	0.63	<0.00	0.01	1.70	0.05
Beryllium	<0.02	<0.02	<0.00	<0.01	<0.02	0.0001
Boron	<2.20	<2.10	<0.30	42.00	<2.30	4.6
Cadmium	<0.02	<0.02	<0.00	0.50	0.90	0.00001
Calcium	140.00	1700.00	12.00	24.00	8700.00	400
Chromium	0.52	0.18	<0.01	0.42	1.00	0.00001
Cobalt	0.11	0.07	0.02	0.14	4.40	0.0001
Copper	1.30	10.00	<0.01	<0.01	22.00	0.09
Iodide	370.00	500.00	12.00	170.00	4300.00	0.05
Iron	140.00	5.6	0.30	550.00	1100.00	0.02
Lead	<0.44	<0.42	<0.06	<0.12	1.80	0.005
Lithium	0.24	<0.21	<0.03	<0.06	0.31	0.1
Magnesium	300.00	520.00	10.00	380.00	920.00	1272
Manganese	10.00	0.62	0.02	77.00	49.00	0.01
Mercury	<0.44	<0.42	<0.06	<0.01	<0.46	0.0003
Molybdenum	<0.22	<0.21	<0.03	13.00	1.20	0.002
Nickel	0.32	<0.21	<0.03	<0.61	<0.23	0.0005
Phosphorus	720.00	1600.00	16.00	580.00	15000.00	0.012
Potassium	1000.00	230.00	660.00	1800.00	5400.00	380
Selenium	0.57	0.50	<0.06	0.29	7.00	0.004
Silicon	270.00	29.00	4.00	102.00	270.00	4
Silver	<0.44	<0.42	<0.06	<0.12	<0.46	0.0003
Sodium	3200.00	940.00	180.00	68.00	7100.00	10561
Strontium	2.30	28.00	0.21	0.08	38.00	13
Sulfur	1000.00	840.00	280.00	860.00	6000.00	884
Thallium	<0.44	<0.42	<0.06	<0.12	<0.46	0.0005
Tin	0.34	0.38	<0.03	0.12	1.10	0.003
Titanium	2.30	<0.04	<0.01	5.70	0.98	0.00001
Vanadium	<0.22	<0.21	<0.03	<0.61	<0.23	0.0003
Yttrium	<0.02	<0.02	<0.00	<0.01	<0.02	0.0003
Zinc	6.90	5.80	0.05	260.00	280.00	0.014
	Gold Flakes	Tahitian Blend	Saltwater Staple	Combisan	Nori	Seawater
Aluminum	80.00	14.00	95.00	0.12	83.00	1.9
Antimony	<0.49	<0.17	<0.49	<0.06	<6.50	0.00001
Arsenic	2.30	<0.17	2.70	<0.06	25.00	0.024
Barium	5.20	0.83	6.90	0.00	5.90	0.05
Beryllium	<0.68	<0.10	<0.02	<0.00	<0.03	0.0001
Boron	<2.50	<0.86	<2.40	1.60	<33.00	4.6
Cadmium	<0.84	<0.02	1.30	<0.00	1.20	0.00001
Calcium	7200.00	440.00	17000.00	1.50	2400.00	400
Chromium	5.60	0.80	<0.05	0.06	1.30	0.00001
Cobalt	0.80	0.40	0.80	0.02	0.93	0.0001
Copper	10.00	6.50	9.50	0.11	3.00	0.09
Iodide	2900.00	530.00	5000.00	14.00	2000.00	0.05
Iron	1700.00	90.00	290.00	23.00	110.00	0.02
Lead	1.00	<0.34	1.70	<0.06	<6.50	0.005
Lithium	0.56	<0.09	0.48	<0.03	<3.30	0.1
Magnesium	1300.00	290.00	1800.00	<0.29	2900.00	1272
Manganese	23.00	18.00	90.00	18.00	110.00	0.01
Mercury	<0.49	<0.17	<0.49	<0.06	<6.50	0.0003
Molybdenum	1.80	0.19	0.61	0.24	<3.30	0.002
Nickel	1.80	0.30	0.25	0.15	<3.30	0.0005
Phosphorus	8300.00	1400.00	15000.00	1.80	6400.00	0.012
Potassium	4000.00	840.00	4200.00	7.90	32000.00	380
Selenium	7.00	3.90	5.80	<0.06	10.00	0.004
Silicon	540.00	120.00	440.00	2.00	280.00	4
Silver	<0.49	<0.17	<0.49	<0.06	<6.50	0.0003
Sodium	3400.00	1300.00	7400.00	26.00	13000.00	10561
Strontium	39.00	28.00	150.00	0.01	25.00	13
Sulfur	5000.00	780.00	4800.00	27.00	17000.00	884
Thallium	1.90	<0.17	<0.49	<0.06	<6.50	0.0005
Tin	2.50	1.40	1.40	0.60	4.80	0.003
Titanium	2.10	1.10	4.20	<0.01	<0.65	0.00001
Vanadium	<0.25	<0.09	<0.24	<0.03	<3.30	0.0003
Yttrium	0.68	<0.01	0.04	<0.00	1.20	0.0003
Zinc	63.00	12.00	190.00	5.80	38.00	0.014